ISSN 0189-1774
 
2026, Vol: 24, Issue: 1
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Original Article
Online Published: 24 Oct 2026
 

doi: 10.5455/NJP.288760


Preliminary Validation and Reliability of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire – Updated Version (OSTRC-O2) and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28) in a Pilot Study Among Nigerian Athletes

Ayoyinka Abioye Ayorinde, Samuel Kolawole Mosaku, Adesanmi Akinsulore, Philemon Olatunji, Abdul-ganiyy Edun.

SUPPLEMENTARY FILES :

  • Supplementary file - 1

    • Abstract
    Introduction: Sports injuries affect athletes' performance and socioeconomic contribution. Rehabilitation effectiveness depends on psychological reactions to injury and coping techniques employed to manage stress. The OSTRC-O2 questionnaire was developed to address challenges in measuring overuse injuries, while the ACSI-28 was designed to measure coping skills among athletes. This study is necessary as there is no reported use or validation of these instruments among Nigerian athletes.
    Method: A pilot study that adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey method among student athletes at the University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria, using the OSTRC-O2 and ACSI-28 instruments. The study used the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient for internal validation across items, subscales, and total scores, as well as Cronbach's alpha for reliability, and solicited the opinions of 10 experts on item relevance and clarity. Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 27 were used to analyse the data.
    Result: Data from a total of 42 athletes were analysed, with a mean age of 19.36 years. The majority were male (76.20%), and 78.60% were in team sports. A significant 59.50% of athletes reported injuries, predominantly in lower (48%) and upper extremities (36%), with 16% indicating severe performance impairment. The OSTRC-O2 showed a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.85, an S-CVI of 1, and an FVI of 0.95. In the ACSI-28 assessment, athletes rated highest on Coachability and lowest on Peaking under Pressure, achieving a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.91 and S-CVI/FVI values of 0.92. Many respondents suggested item consolidation for brevity after criticising the ACSI-28 for being long and repetitious.
    Conclusion: This study demonstrates the preliminary psychometric properties and suitability of these instruments among Nigerian athletes and recommends a more comprehensive validation test and the development and testing of a shorter version of the ACSI-28.

    Key words: Athletes, mental health, sport injury, and coping strategies.


    		 
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    How to Cite this Article
    Pubmed Style

    Ayorinde AA, Mosaku SK, Akinsulore A, Olatunji P, Edun A. Preliminary Validation and Reliability of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire – Updated Version (OSTRC-O2) and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28) in a Pilot Study Among Nigerian Athletes. NJP. 2026; 24(1): 57-66.

    doi:10.5455/NJP.288760

    Web Style

    Ayorinde AA, Mosaku SK, Akinsulore A, Olatunji P, Edun A. Preliminary Validation and Reliability of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire – Updated Version (OSTRC-O2) and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28) in a Pilot Study Among Nigerian Athletes. https://nigerianjournalofpsychiatry.com/?mno=288760 [Access: October 24, 2026].

    doi:10.5455/NJP.288760

    AMA (American Medical Association) Style

    Ayorinde AA, Mosaku SK, Akinsulore A, Olatunji P, Edun A. Preliminary Validation and Reliability of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire – Updated Version (OSTRC-O2) and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28) in a Pilot Study Among Nigerian Athletes. NJP. 2026; 24(1): 57-66.


    doi:10.5455/NJP.288760

    Vancouver/ICMJE Style

    Ayorinde AA, Mosaku SK, Akinsulore A, Olatunji P, Edun A. Preliminary Validation and Reliability of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire – Updated Version (OSTRC-O2) and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28) in a Pilot Study Among Nigerian Athletes. NJP. (2026), [cited October 24, 2026]; 24(1): 57-66.


    doi:10.5455/NJP.288760

    Harvard Style

    Ayorinde, A. A., Mosaku, . S. K., Akinsulore, . A., Olatunji, . P. & Edun, . A. (2026) Preliminary Validation and Reliability of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire – Updated Version (OSTRC-O2) and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28) in a Pilot Study Among Nigerian Athletes. NJP, 24 (1), 57-66.


    doi:10.5455/NJP.288760

    Turabian Style

    Ayorinde, Ayoyinka Abioye, Samuel Kolawole Mosaku, Adesanmi Akinsulore, Philemon Olatunji, and Abdul-ganiyy Edun. 2026. Preliminary Validation and Reliability of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire – Updated Version (OSTRC-O2) and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28) in a Pilot Study Among Nigerian Athletes. Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry, 24 (1), 57-66.


    doi:10.5455/NJP.288760

    Chicago Style

    Ayorinde, Ayoyinka Abioye, Samuel Kolawole Mosaku, Adesanmi Akinsulore, Philemon Olatunji, and Abdul-ganiyy Edun. "Preliminary Validation and Reliability of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire – Updated Version (OSTRC-O2) and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28) in a Pilot Study Among Nigerian Athletes." Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry 24 (2026), 57-66.


    doi:10.5455/NJP.288760

    MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

    Ayorinde, Ayoyinka Abioye, Samuel Kolawole Mosaku, Adesanmi Akinsulore, Philemon Olatunji, and Abdul-ganiyy Edun. "Preliminary Validation and Reliability of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire – Updated Version (OSTRC-O2) and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28) in a Pilot Study Among Nigerian Athletes." Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry 24.1 (2026), 57-66. Print.


    doi:10.5455/NJP.288760

    APA (American Psychological Association) Style

    Ayorinde, A. A., Mosaku, . S. K., Akinsulore, . A., Olatunji, . P. & Edun, . A. (2026) Preliminary Validation and Reliability of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire – Updated Version (OSTRC-O2) and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28) in a Pilot Study Among Nigerian Athletes. Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry, 24 (1), 57-66.


    doi:10.5455/NJP.288760

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